{"id":2043,"date":"2025-09-15T11:19:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T09:19:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/?post_type=comic&#038;p=2043"},"modified":"2025-10-07T10:18:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T08:18:17","slug":"capitulo-2","status":"publish","type":"comic","link":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/comic\/capitulo-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 2. The talking watch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kai's new watch is a bit intrusive, isn't it? Who gave it so much information? And above all, why does it want to organise Kai's life? He was so happy just doing his own thing!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The truth is that it's not very different from some of the devices we have at home or some of the assistants you have on your mobile phone, right? You can call it GPT, Chatbot, Co-pilot, Collaborator, Virtual Assistant, Smart Assistant, Virtual Guide, Digital Mentor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How do these devices work? Where do they get their information from? And most importantly, where can I buy my own WAT? We don't have an answer to that last question. Remember that this is a comic created by the University of Granada and the DaSCI research centre. We don't sell WATs!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Article written by Roc\u00edo Romero Zaliz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Artificial intelligence (AI) assistants, such as Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant, are now part of our everyday lives. Many people use them to streamline routine tasks, such as playing music or setting an alarm. These assistants are capable of recognising human speech, processing commands in real time, and responding to the user. In some cases, they even use an artificial voice to create a more pleasant user experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These assistants have evolved rapidly over the last decade. From the first voice recognition systems with limited capabilities to today's conversational assistants capable of maintaining complex and contextually coherent dialogues. This evolution has been made possible by advances in natural language processing, deep learning and the availability of large volumes of data for training these AIs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Among AI assistants, we can find a particular class called wearable devices, such as smart watches or activity trackers. These devices integrate AI assistants to offer advanced functionalities that, in most cases, go beyond simple step tracking. For example, health monitoring systems in wearables can record parameters related to an individual's health, such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, sleep quality and even stress levels!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thanks to this data, it is possible to design AI systems that analyse information and provide personalised recommendations. To do this, advanced AI technologies such as natural language processing and machine learning are used. If these devices are used over a long period of time, large volumes of data can be processed to enable early detection of diseases, identifying patterns and anomalies that could indicate potential health problems, alerting users and facilitating early intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The latest advances in these devices include increasingly accurate sensors capable of detecting cardiac arrhythmias, blood glucose levels without the need for finger pricks, and even changes in skin conductivity that may indicate states of anxiety. Some manufacturers are working on systems that could detect early signs of depression based on patterns of activity, sleep, and heart rate variability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI assistants have also found their place in smart homes, where they control lighting, air conditioning, security and entertainment systems. The integration of these assistants with the Internet of Things (IoT) allows the creation of domestic ecosystems that learn from the habits of their inhabitants and adapt to their needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, an assistant could detect that we usually get up at 7:00 in the morning, so 15 minutes before that time, it begins to gradually raise the temperature of the home, prepares the coffee maker and adjusts the lighting to simulate a natural sunrise. These systems can also optimise energy consumption, reducing costs and environmental impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, despite their benefits, AI assistants have some limitations and problems:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Data dependency: AI assistants require a large amount of high-quality data to function properly. Obtaining this data can raise privacy concerns, as the collection and storage of personal data can be vulnerable to unauthorised access.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Biases: Data quality is crucial, as AI systems are only as good as the data they are trained on. If this data is biased, the results will be too. For example, if most of the available medical data is from Caucasian patients and there is only a small amount of data from African American patients, the AI could make biased, erroneous, unfair, or even discriminatory decisions. These biases can manifest themselves in multiple ways: in facial recognition with poorer performance on people with darker skin, in hiring systems that favour profiles similar to those already in the company, or in credit risk prediction tools that perpetuate historical socio-economic inequalities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Transparency in the decision-making process: AI systems often function as a \u2018black box,\u2019 where there is data input and output, but what happens inside is unknown. It is difficult to understand how decisions are made, which can be problematic in important decisions, especially in health matters. A healthcare specialist would not trust this system if they do not know what the decision-making is based on, which generates mistrust and hinders its implementation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Privacy: AI assistants, being integrated into mobile devices, smart speakers or other devices, can have access to sensitive information such as personal data, GPS locations, Internet browsing habits, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Mass surveillance: Data collection by AI assistants can raise concerns about mass surveillance of individuals. On the one hand, it can help prevent crime and improve public safety, but on the other hand, a balance must be found that allows the benefits of technology to be exploited without sacrificing user privacy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The future of AI assistants points towards greater personalisation and predictive capabilities. These systems are expected to be able to anticipate our needs based on behaviour patterns, contextual factors and personal preferences. Integration with other technologies such as augmented reality could create immersive experiences where our assistant guides us through physical environments with relevant information superimposed for us.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For these technologies to reach their full potential, the ethical and technical challenges they pose will need to be effectively addressed. The creation of appropriate regulatory frameworks, the development of shared ethical standards, and the education of society on the responsible use of AI will be essential to ensure that AI assistants truly serve to improve our quality of life without compromising our fundamental rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" id=\"capitulo\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Capitulo-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Capi\u0301tulo 2.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-539fd671-dc90-45c2-8655-0e542bdb6cb4\" href=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Capitulo-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chapter 2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Capitulo-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-539fd671-dc90-45c2-8655-0e542bdb6cb4\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"actividades\"><br>Teaching suggestions for classroom use<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This activity explores how artificial intelligence assistants, found in mobile devices, wearables and smart homes, have expanded and improved significantly, offering advanced capabilities such as health monitoring and automation. However, it also highlights the challenges this poses, such as data privacy and surveillance, potential biases in their decisions and lack of transparency.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Activity 2 - What is AI and how does it work?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Summary - An introductory and simple example of machine learning and how an AI model works.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration - 45 min.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Type - Practical<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is expected from the activity - That students understand the basic functioning of AI and how it is trained.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resources needed -\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Computers with internet access<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Webcams<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wall, solid-coloured board or blank sheet of paper to serve as a plain background<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Theoretical justification - To present the fundamentals of AI and how it is trained in a very simple and intuitive way. To stimulate initiative and motivate students to take an interest in how AI works through a fun activity.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Description of the activity\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Teachable Machine website (Google, n.d.) allows you to create simple machine learning models for images, audio or video.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>First, the teacher will prepare an example of how the website works (10 min)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Define the first class, which will be named \u2018positive\u2019. Within this class, create a batch of photographs (~200 is sufficient) consisting of a hand with a thumbs-up gesture on a plain background.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, create another class, which will be called \u2018negative\u2019, with another batch of photographs of a hand with a thumbs-down gesture.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Once the two classes have been defined, the model can be created by clicking on the \u2018prepare model\u2019 button. It is not necessary to modify any parameters.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After a loading time that can range from a few seconds to several minutes, the model is created and, when presented with an image of a hand with a thumbs up or thumbs down, it is able to identify whether that gesture is \u2018positive\u2019 or \u2018negative\u2019.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, students should organise themselves into groups of 3-4 members and create their own image identification models (30 min).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examples to work on:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Distinguishing between a pencil, eraser, or sharpener.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distinguishing between different colours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using images of animals, landscapes, vehicles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What happens if I modify the model parameters?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does it work the same with fewer images?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does it work the same with different or diverse backgrounds?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For more advanced students, or as an extra task if they want to continue researching in class, they can try to create a model that distinguishes between different types of sounds (e.g. clapping, whistling, tapping on a table, different vowels, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>News 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enriquedans.com\/2025\/04\/la-inteligencia-artificial-ya-nos-dejo-sin-trabajo-y-aun-no-hemos-ni-encendido-el-ordenador.html\">La inteligencia artificial ya nos dej\u00f3 sin trabajo\u2026 y a\u00fan no hemos ni encendido el ordenador \u00bb Enrique Dans<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/efe.com\/espana\/2025-03-26\/inteligencia-artificial-educacion-retos\/\">La inteligencia artificial se expande en la Educaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lecturas\"><br>Recommended reading and other resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unite.ai\/es\/10-best-ai-assistants\/\">Los 10 mejores asistentes de IA <\/a>&#8211; seg\u00fan Alex MacFarland a fecha de mayo de 2025<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gemini.google\/assistant\/?hl=es\">Conoce Gemini <\/a>&#8211; El asistente personal de IA de Google<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Lnt8lJ5BQ1w\">C\u00f3mo crear tu asistente virtual con IA<\/a> &#8211; Ana Henriquez Orrego<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/botpress.com\/es\/blog\/what-is-an-ai-assistant\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un asistente de Inteligencia Artificial?<\/a> &#8211; Art\u00edculo de Sarah Chudleigh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getguru.com\/es\/reference\/ai-assistant\">Asistente de IA: Gu\u00eda definitiva 2025 &#8211; Definici\u00f3n, ejemplos y m\u00e1s <\/a>&#8211; Web Getguru<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EmZhVOi22l4\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los agentes de IA? explicaci\u00f3n desde cero<\/a> &#8211; Carlos Alarc\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Fi8uEj55l4o\">Usar la IA como asistente personal <\/a>&#8211; Ana Henriquez Orrego<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2ouY5SmMciM\">MANUS AI &#8211; Los agentes aut\u00f3nomos ya est\u00e1n aqu\u00ed<\/a> &#8211; Carlos Santana en Dot CSV Lab<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@dotcsv\/video\/7478332603204898070\">Asistente de voz Maia de Sesame<\/a> &#8211; V\u00eddeo de Tiktok de Carlos Santana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inoru.com\/blog\/top-10-benefits-voice-based-ai-assistants-2025\/\">Top 10 Benefits of Voice-Based AI Assistants in 2025<\/a> &#8211; Overview of how voice-based AI assistants are expected to evolve and benefit users by 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lindy.ai\/blog\/best-ai-voice-assistants\">I Tested the Top 24 AI Voice Assistants<\/a> &#8211; A comparative review of 24 AI voice assistants, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/23\/9498\">AI-Based Wearable Sensors for Digital Health (MDPI)<\/a> &#8211; Scientific article on wearable sensors powered by AI for health monitoring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gpub.org\/journal-admin\/uploads\/articles\/crhs223.pdf\">AI-Driven Wearables for Real-Time Health Monitoring<\/a> &#8211; Research on how AI enhances real-time health monitoring through wearable devices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12912-025-03343-y\">Nurses\u2019 Perspectives on AI-Enabled Wearables<\/a> &#8211; Study exploring nurses&#8217; views on the integration of AI in wearable health technologies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hai.stanford.edu\/news\/privacy-ai-era-how-do-we-protect-our-personal-information\">Privacy in an AI Era \u2013 Stanford HAI<\/a> &#8211; Discussion on privacy concerns in the age of AI and how to safeguard personal data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2402.09716v1\">User Privacy Harms in Conversational AI (arXiv)<\/a> &#8211; Academic paper analyzing privacy risks associated with conversational AI systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/vinfo\/us\/security\/news\/security-technology\/looking-into-the-future-risks-and-security-considerations-to-ai-digital-assistants\">AI Assistants and Surveillance Risks \u2013 Trend Micro<\/a> &#8211; Security analysis of AI assistants and their potential for surveillance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/discoverwildscience.com\/the-quiet-bias-in-ai-voice-assistants-what-accents-reveal-about-algorithmic-assumptions-1-303384\/\">The Quiet Bias in AI Voice Assistants<\/a> &#8211; Exploration of how voice assistants may exhibit bias based on accents and speech patterns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/how-ai-bots-and-voice-assistants-reinforce-gender-bias\/\">How AI Bots Reinforce Gender Bias \u2013 Brookings<\/a> &#8211; Analysis of gender bias in AI bots and voice assistants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2019\/05\/voice-recognition-still-has-significant-race-and-gender-biases\">Voice Recognition Biases \u2013 Harvard Business Review<\/a> &#8211; Discussion on racial and gender biases in voice recognition technologies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/perpet.io\/blog\/integrating-iot-and-ai-for-effective-smart-home-automation\/\">Integrating IoT and AI for Smart Homes \u2013 Perpetio<\/a> &#8211; Guide on how AI and IoT combine to create smart home environments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtextures.com\/smart-homes-the-integration-of-ai-and-iot-for-a-better-living\/\">Smart Homes and AI \u2013 TechTextures<\/a> &#8211; Overview of AI integration in smart homes for improved living experiences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/councils\/forbestechcouncil\/2023\/07\/03\/the-future-of-ai-powered-personalization-the-potential-of-choices\/\">The Future of AI-Powered Personalization \u2013 Forbes<\/a> &#8211; Insights into how AI will drive personalized experiences in the future.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenewstoday.org\/the-future-of-ai-what-to-expect-in-the-next-decade\">The Future of AI: What to Expect in the Next Decade<\/a> &#8211; Predictions and trends for AI development over the next ten years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/deepmind.google\/discover\/blog\/the-ethics-of-advanced-ai-assistants\/\">The Ethics of Advanced AI Assistants \u2013 DeepMind<\/a> &#8211; Ethical considerations in the development and deployment of AI assistants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/think\/topics\/explainable-ai\">Explainable AI (XAI) \u2013 IBM<\/a> &#8211; Introduction to explainable AI and its importance for transparency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oecd.ai\/en\/dashboards\/ai-principles\/P7\">OECD AI Principles: Transparency and Explainability<\/a> &#8211; OECD guidelines on transparency and explainability in AI systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"regalos\">Gifts and surprises<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-d3a734fe-4eae-466e-ad5e-4dcc50d5e333\" href=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Icono-1-Capitulo-2.png\">Icono 1 Cap\u00edtulo 2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Icono-1-Capitulo-2.png\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-d3a734fe-4eae-466e-ad5e-4dcc50d5e333\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-4b11f202-25cd-4ff5-8387-9fe0d4835507\" href=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Icono-2-Capitulo-1.png\">Download original designs 2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Icono-2-Capitulo-1.png\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-4b11f202-25cd-4ff5-8387-9fe0d4835507\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2093,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2043","comic","type-comic","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comic\/2043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/comic"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comic\/2043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2183,"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comic\/2043\/revisions\/2183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iafer.dasci.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}